I was gonna mention that part- the question of, as i think of it, is it a "strong 5" or a "weak 5", the logarithmic scale you describe. That's hard to quantify, as I'm sure you know. I think I can see it's effects, and when I see a "weak 4", for instance, I try to reinforce it to keep it stable.
In the case mentioned, a "weak 5" might only transfer a 3pr, while a "strong 5" might transfer a full 4pr.
But I don't know any way to quantify it for certain.
Based solely on my personal observations, I would say that if, in scenario 1, the 100 pages were extensively interlinked and all had links back to the index page, that domain 1 would pass on more "relevancy" or "SE benefit". (What I think of as the "big site" benefit, which kinda goes against the principle the google looks at pages, not sites, but I think I've seen the "big site" benefit in action.)
But, it's easy to set up complex theoretical problems, in practice, you are almost never going to find a "pure scenario".
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